I. Introduction

The Swine Situation Report presents the industry situation in terms of volume and value of production, monthly average farmgate and retail prices, and volume and value of pork imports. It serves as a ready reference for the various clients and stakeholders of the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) in the agriculture sector. The data for this report were collected by PSA through the two surveys, namely, Backyard Livestock and Poultry Survey (BLPS) and the Commercial Livestock and Poultry Survey (CLPS). The BLPS aims to generate estimates on the supply and disposition of livestock and poultry commodities at the household level. In 2022, the number of sample households covered was 21, 961 from the 1,145 sample barangays nationwide. On the other hand, the CLPS seeks to generate estimates on the supply and disposition of livestock and poultry commodities from the sample establishments. There were 826 sample swine establishments covered in 2022. Both surveys are conducted every quarter in all provinces including National Capital Region.  Moreover, the commodities covered in the surveys include: cattle, carabao, swine, goat for livestock, chicken, duck, and other animals raised/tended by households and establishments. The data on the number of hogs slaughtered in slaughterhouses were sourced from the Compilation of Data from Slaughterhouses and Poultry Dressing Plants (CDSPDP), an administrative-based activity of the PSA. This activity cover 1,281 licensed to operate meat establishments (LTOMEs) and Locally Registered Meat Establishments (LRMEs) nationwide. This is undertaken in coordination with the National Meat Inspection Service (NMIS) and the Local Government Units (LGUs).

II. Data Collection

1. Backyard Livestock and Poultry Survey

1. Data collection procedure

The schedule of field data collection is every first seven (7) days of the month after the reference quarter. However, the data collection for fourth quarter is done one (1) month earlier to comply with the Philippine System of National Accounts (PSNA) calendar. The data collection was undertaken by hired Statistical Researchers (SRs) and is done through face-to-face interview with qualified respondents of the sample households. Prior to data collection, training of selected staff from Central Office and Field Offices, including SRs, was conducted to ensure uniform understanding of concepts and proper implementation of survey procedures. Field and manual editing of the accomplished questionnaires was done to ensure completeness, consistency, and reasonableness of the information gathered.

2. Survey Questionnaire

The BLPS Questionnaire is a thirteen-page form composed of 16 blocks that aims to gather information on the basic characteristics and operations of the household. The data items included in the survey are as follows:

1. Type of Operation/Purpose
2. Inventory
3. Number of breeders that gave birth
4. Number of born live
5. Number of acquired animals
6. Slaughtered in the household
7. Sold live for slaughter and for other purposes
8. Disposition by areas of destination
9. Average liveweight
10. Average farmgate price
11. Number of deaths/losses and cause/reason

 

2. Commercial Livestock and Poultry Survey

1. Data collection procedure

The schedule of field data collection is during the last ten (10) days of the quarter. However, the data collection for the fourth quarter is done one (1) month earlier to comply with the Philippine System of National Accounts (PSNA) calendar. The data collection was undertaken by hired Statistical Researchers (SRs) and is done through a face-to-face interview with qualified respondents of the farm/establishment. Prior to data collection, training of Central Office and Field Office personnel, including SRs, was conducted to ensure that the procedures and concepts of the survey are understood and properly implemented. Field and manual editing of the accomplished questionnaires was done to ensure completeness, consistency, and reasonableness of the information gathered.

2. Survey Questionnaire

The CLPS Swine Survey Questionnaire is a two-page questionnaire that aims to gather necessary information on supply and disposition of swine commercial farms/establishment. The data items included in the survey are as follows:

1. Type of Operation/Purpose
2. Inventory
3. Number of breeders that gave birth
4. Number of born live
5. Number of acquired animals
6. Slaughtered in the farm/establishment
7. Sold live for slaughter and for other purposes
8. Disposition by areas of destination
9. Average liveweight
10. Average farmgate price
11. Number of deaths/losses and cause/reason

3. Compilation of Data from Slaughterhouses and Poultry Dressing Plants

1. Data collection procedure

The schedule of field data collection is during first ten (10) days of the month and is undertaken by regular Provincial Statistics Office (PSO) personnel. The data is obtained from the administrative records of National Meat Inspection Service (NMIS) and Locally Registered Meat Establishment (LRME) supervised by the Local Government Units (LGUs).

2. Collection Forms

The collection forms used in CDSPDP consists of two (2) forms, namely CDSPDP Form 1a (Livestock) and CDSPDP Form 1b (Poultry). These forms aim to gather information on the number of livestock and poultry commodities slaughtered/dressed in slaughterhouses/poultry dressing plants. The data items included are as follows:

1. Number of Heads/Birds
2. Total Carcass/Dressed Weight

III. Sampling Design

1. Backyard Livestock and Poultry Survey

1. Sampling Frame

The BLPS sampling frame is based on the results of the 2017 Listing of Farm Household (LFH) and 2012 Census of Agriculture and Fisheries (CAF). For barangays not covered in the 2017 LFH, the list of households was taken from the 2012 CAF. The sampling frame is updated quarterly based on the status of the sampled households using the structured Frame Maintenance Form (FMF) submitted by the PSOs every quarter.

2. Sample Selection Procedure

The BLPS uses two-stage sampling design. The first stage is the selection of barangays using probability proportional to size where the measure of size is the total animal inventory. The number of sample barangays is based on a target coefficient of variation of five percent (5%).  The sample barangays are the same for all quarters of 2022. The second stage is the selection of sample households that are engaged in livestock and poultry raising in the sampled barangays using systematic sampling. The number of sample households per selected barangay is 20 but this could be less if the selected barangay has less than 20 households. The sample households per quarter are independent.

3. Estimation Procedure

a. Sampling Weights a.1. Base Weight The base weight is computed as follows:

a.2. Adjustment Factor The adjustment factor formula is given as follows:

Eligible households are the following:

• Interview completed;
• Refused to be interviewed without replacement;
• Temporarily away/Not at home without replacement; and
• HH temporarily not accessible without replacement.

Ineligible households are the following:

• Resides outside the barangay;
• Unknown in the locality; and
• Deceased (No other livestock and poultry operator in the household).

a.3. Final Weights The final weights formula is given as follows:

b. Estimation of Total b.1. Estimation of Provincial Total Estimation of domain total is done per animal type and the formula is                given as follows:

b.2. Estimation of Regional and National Total The regional estimates are obtained by aggregating the estimates of  the provinces within the region, while the national estimate is derived by adding all the regional estimates.

2. Commercial Livestock and Poultry Survey

1. Sampling Frame

The CLPS frame is based on the results of the 2021 Updating of the List of Establishments (ULE).  It is updated quarterly based on the results of visit of the sample establishments using the FMF.

2. Sample Selection Procedure

The CLPS uses a stratified sampling design with the maximum farm/housing capacity as stratification variable. Stratum boundaries are obtained using Dalenius-Hodges method. Sample size   is   determined using Neyman procedure with a target coefficient of variation of five percent (5%). A minimum of five (5) samples are taken when the population for the stratum is greater than or equal to five (5). For stratum with population less than five (5), all farms will be enumerated. The number of strata per province ranges from two (2) to four (4) depending on the homogeneity of the stratification variable. Complete Enumeration (CE) is applied for provinces with less than 25 commercial farms/establishments, otherwise, stratified sampling design is used.

3. Estimation Procedure

a. Sampling weights a.1. Base Weight The base weight for CLPS is computed by animal type and province. The formula for base weights is given as follows:

a.2. Adjustment Factor The adjustment factor is given as follows:

Eligible establishments are the following:

• Operational
• Refusal
• Cannot be contacted/Not accessible/Temporarily away

Ineligible establishments are the following:

• Temporarily Stopped Operation
• Permanently Closed/Stopped Operation
• Shifted farm operation
• Cannot be located
• Not yet in Operation
• Duplicate
• Out-of-scope - Recreation
• Out-of-scope - Change Sector
• Out-of-scope – Main Office/Ancillary Unit

a.3. Final Weights The final weight formula is given as follows:

b. Estimation by Stratum b.1. Estimation by Stratum Each stratum yields an independent estimate. The formula to be used is given as follows:

b.2. Estimation of Provincial Total The total estimate for the province is obtained by simply aggregating all the expanded stratum estimates in the province. Hence, the statement of the total for the pth province is given by:

b.3. Estimation of Regional and National Total The regional estimates are obtained by aggregating the estimates of the provinces within the region, while the national estimate is derived by adding all the regional estimates.

IV. Concepts and Definitions of Terms

Farmgate price refers to the price received by raisers for their produce at the location of farm. Thus, the marketing costs, such as the transport and other marketing costs (if any) incurred in selling the produce, are not included in the farmgate prices.

Imports refer to the number of meat products originating from foreign country. The data on meat importation data are compiled by the Trade Statistics Division of PSA from the copies of Import Entry and Internal Revenue Declaration collected from the Bureau of Customs (BOC).

Inventory refers to the actual number of swine present in the farm as of a specific reference date.

Licensed to Operate Meat Establishment (LTOME) refers to premises/facilities where food animals are slaughtered for human consumption. These were then referred as accredited slaughterhouses and poultry dressing plants.

Locally Registered Meat Establishment (LRME) refers to slaughterhouses, meat processing plants, Poultry Dressing Plants, meat cutting plants, and cold storages that are allowed to operate by the city/municipal government but are not accredited by the NMIS.

Retail price refers to the prices at which retailers sell their goods or commodities to consumers in the marketplace.

Slaughterhouses (SH) are premises that are approved and registered by the NMIS and LGUs in which food animals are slaughtered for human consumption.

Value at constant price refers to the valuation of transactions, wherein the influence of price change from base year to the current year has been removed.

Value at current price refers to the value based on prices during the reference year; nominal year.

Value of production refers to the value of the animal with reference to its farmgate price. It is derived by multiplying the volume of production by its farmgate price.

Volume of production refers to the number of tended/raised hogs disposed for slaughter including animals shipped-out for slaughter. This is expressed in metric tons, liveweight.

V. Farm Classification

The following are the new farm classifications and definitions based on the approved PSA Board Resolution No. 04, series of 2022:

Farm Classification	Definition*
Smallhold	Tending 20 heads of sow and below
Semi-commercial	Tending 21-50 heads of sow
Commercial	Tending 51 and above heads of sow

*Based on Animal Unit index.

The data on inventory of swine by farm type (i.e., backyard and commercial) can still be accessed in the OpenSTAT website of PSA with the link:
//openstat.rsso11.hkdma.com/PXWeb/pxweb/en/DB/DB__2E__LP/0022E4FINL0.px/?rxid=bdf9d8da-96f1-4100-ae09-18cb3eaeb313.

VI. Dissemination of Results and Revision

The PSA disseminates the Swine Situation Report annually, every March, with previous year as the reference period. This report is uploaded in the PSA Website.   The livestock and poultry statistics follows the revision policy as stipulated in the PSA Board Resolution No. 1, Series of 2017-119 approving the revision of quarterly estimates on agricultural production, prices, and related statistics to be limited to the immediately preceding quarter and for the past three years with quarterly breakdown to be done only during May of the current year.

VII. Citation

This presents how the Technical Notes will be cited by users in their research works.  It contains the following information:

1. Philippine Statistics Authority
2. Date of Publication/Release of the Technical Notes
3. Title of the Technical Notes
4. Link to the Technical Notes

VIII. Contact Information

Marisol T. Fallarme
Chief Statistical Specialist
Livestock and Poultry Statistics Division
Economic Sector Statistics Service
Sectoral Statistics Office
Philippine Statistics Authority
Email Address: m.fallarme@rsso11.hkdma.com

For data request, you may contact the:
Knowledge Management and Communications Division
Telephone: (632) 8462-6600 loc. 839
Email Address: info@rsso11.hkdma.com